A:优化PLC数据管理

src/Sharp/Client/ViewModels/PlcViewModel.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using Plc.Models;
 using Plc.Siemens.Options;
 using S7.Net;
 using System.Windows;
+using Sharp.Wpf.Abstractions;
 
 namespace Client.ViewModels;
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ public class PlcViewModel : ViewModelBase
 {
     private readonly IPlcService _plcService;
     private readonly SiemensPlcOptions _siemensOptions;
+    private readonly IDispatcher _dispatcher;
 
     // 连接配置
     private PlcBrand _selectedBrand = PlcBrand.Siemens;
@@ -26,24 +28,29 @@ public class PlcViewModel : ViewModelBase
     private string _readValue = "-";
     private string _writeAddress = "DB1.DBW0";
     private string _writeValue = "0";
-    
+
     // 监控
     private string _monitorAddress = "DB1.DBW0";
 
-    public PlcViewModel(IPlcService plcService, SiemensPlcOptions siemensOptions)
+    public PlcViewModel(
+        IPlcService plcService,
+        SiemensPlcOptions siemensOptions,
+        IDispatcher dispatcher)
     {
         _plcService = plcService;
         _siemensOptions = siemensOptions;
-        
+        _dispatcher = dispatcher;
+
         // 初始化界面值为当前配置值
         _ipAddress = _siemensOptions.IpAddress;
         _selectedCpuType = _siemensOptions.CpuType;
-        
+
         ConnectCommand = new AsyncCommand(ConnectAsync);
         DisconnectCommand = new AsyncCommand(DisconnectAsync);
         ReadCommand = new AsyncCommand(ReadAsync);
         WriteCommand = new AsyncCommand(WriteAsync);
         AddMonitorCommand = new RelayCommand(AddMonitor);
+        RemoveMonitorCommand = new RelayCommand<PlcTag>(RemoveMonitor, tag => tag != null);
     }
 
     #region Properties
@@ -124,6 +131,7 @@ public class PlcViewModel : ViewModelBase
     public IAsyncCommand ReadCommand { get; }
     public IAsyncCommand WriteCommand { get; }
     public ICommand AddMonitorCommand { get; }
+    public ICommand RemoveMonitorCommand { get; }
 
     #endregion
 
@@ -201,12 +209,34 @@ public class PlcViewModel : ViewModelBase
             DataType = typeof(short),
             OnChanged = (t, v) =>
             {
-                // 注意：UI绑定更新需要在UI线程，这里简化处理，假设WPF做了同步或者是后台线程安全集合
+                // 使用Dispatcher在UI线程更新值，避免跨线程访问异常
-                t.Value = v; 
+                _dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() =>
+                {
+                    t.Value = v;
+                });
             }
         };
-        
+
         _plcService.Subscribe(tag);
-        MonitoredTags.Add(tag);
+
+        // 在UI线程添加到集合
+        _dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() =>
+        {
+            MonitoredTags.Add(tag);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void RemoveMonitor(PlcTag? tag)
+    {
+        if (tag == null) return;
+
+        // 从PLC服务取消订阅
+        _plcService.Unsubscribe(tag.Id);
+
+        // 从UI集合移除
+        _dispatcher.InvokeAsync(() =>
+        {
+            MonitoredTags.Remove(tag);
+        });
     }
 }

src/Sharp/Plc.Siemens/DependencyInjection/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
 using Plc.Abstractions;
 using Plc.Services;
 using Plc.Siemens;
@@ -8,17 +9,44 @@ namespace Plc.Siemens.DependencyInjection;
 
 public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
 {
-    public static IServiceCollection AddSiemensPlc(this IServiceCollection services, Action<SiemensPlcOptions> configureOptions)
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 添加西门子PLC服务到DI容器
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="services">服务集合</param>
+    /// <param name="configureOptions">配置选项的委托</param>
+    /// <returns>服务集合</returns>
+    public static IServiceCollection AddSiemensPlc(
+        this IServiceCollection services,
+        Action<SiemensPlcOptions> configureOptions)
     {
-        var options = new SiemensPlcOptions();
+        // 使用标准的 IOptions 模式
-        configureOptions(options);
+        services.Configure(configureOptions);
-        
+
-        services.AddSingleton(options);
+        // 同时注册 SiemensPlcOptions 单例，供需要直接访问的地方使用（如 PlcViewModel）
-        services.AddSingleton<IPlcDriver, SiemensDriver>();
+        // 注意：这是一个共享实例，从 IOptions 获取值
-        services.AddSingleton<IPlcOptimizer, SiemensOptimizer>();
+        services.AddSingleton(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<IOptions<SiemensPlcOptions>>().Value);
+
+        // 注册驱动程序（使用 IOptions）
+        services.AddSingleton<IPlcDriver>(sp =>
+        {
+            var options = sp.GetRequiredService<IOptions<SiemensPlcOptions>>().Value;
+            return new SiemensDriver(options);
+        });
+
+        // 注册优化器（使用 IOptions 中的 MaxGapBytes）
+        services.AddSingleton<IPlcOptimizer>(sp =>
+        {
+            var options = sp.GetRequiredService<IOptions<SiemensPlcOptions>>().Value;
+            var logger = sp.GetService<Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.ILogger<SiemensOptimizer>>();
+            return new SiemensOptimizer(options.MaxGapBytes, logger);
+        });
+
+        // 注册数据转换器
         services.AddSingleton<IDataConverter, BigEndianConverter>();
+
+        // 注册PLC服务
         services.AddSingleton<IPlcService, PlcMonitorService>();
-        
+
         return services;
     }
 }

src/Sharp/Plc.Siemens/Models/SiemensAddress.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using Plc.Abstractions;
+
 namespace Plc.Siemens.Models;
 
 public enum SiemensMemoryArea
@@ -10,13 +12,13 @@ public enum SiemensMemoryArea
     Counter = 0x1C
 }
 
-public class SiemensAddress
+public class SiemensAddress : IPlcAddress
 {
     public SiemensMemoryArea Area { get; set; }
     public int DbNumber { get; set; } // Only for DataBlock
     public int ByteOffset { get; set; }
     public int BitOffset { get; set; }
-    
+
     // Helper to sort/group
     public override string ToString()
     {

src/Sharp/Plc.Siemens/Options/SiemensPlcOptions.cs

@@ -1,18 +1,28 @@
 using S7.Net;
+using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
+using System.Net;
 
 namespace Plc.Siemens.Options;
 
-public class SiemensPlcOptions
+public class SiemensPlcOptions : IValidatableObject
 {
+    [Required]
     public string IpAddress { get; set; } = "127.0.0.1";
+
+    [Range(1, 65535)]
     public int Port { get; set; } = 102;
+
+    [Range(0, 255)]
     public short Rack { get; set; } = 0;
+
+    [Range(0, 255)]
     public short Slot { get; set; } = 1;
-    
+
     /// <summary>
     /// S7-1200/1500 通常支持 960，S7-300 通常支持 240。
     /// 默认保守值设为 240。
     /// </summary>
+    [Range(128, 960)]
     public int PduSize { get; set; } = 240;
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -20,4 +30,39 @@ public class SiemensPlcOptions
     /// 默认为 S71200。
     /// </summary>
     public CpuType CpuType { get; set; } = CpuType.S71200;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 优化器允许的最大间隔字节数。
+    /// 两个标签之间如果间隔小于此值，会合并为一次读取。
+    /// 默认为 20。
+    /// </summary>
+    [Range(0, 1000)]
+    public int MaxGapBytes { get; set; } = 20;
+
+    public IEnumerable<ValidationResult> Validate(ValidationContext validationContext)
+    {
+        // 验证IP地址格式
+        if (!IPAddress.TryParse(IpAddress, out _))
+        {
+            yield return new ValidationResult(
+                $"Invalid IP address format: {IpAddress}",
+                new[] { nameof(IpAddress) });
+        }
+
+        // 验证PDU大小合理性
+        if (PduSize < 128 || PduSize > 960)
+        {
+            yield return new ValidationResult(
+                $"PDU size must be between 128 and 960, got: {PduSize}",
+                new[] { nameof(PduSize) });
+        }
+
+        // 验证MaxGapBytes的合理性
+        if (MaxGapBytes < 0 || MaxGapBytes > PduSize)
+        {
+            yield return new ValidationResult(
+                $"MaxGapBytes ({MaxGapBytes}) must be between 0 and PduSize ({PduSize})",
+                new[] { nameof(MaxGapBytes) });
+        }
+    }
 }

src/Sharp/Plc.Siemens/Plc.Siemens.csproj

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Abstractions" Version="10.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions" Version="8.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Options" Version="8.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="S7netplus" Version="0.20.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 

src/Sharp/Plc.Siemens/SiemensDriver.cs

@@ -11,11 +11,10 @@ public class SiemensDriver : IPlcDriver
 {
     private readonly SiemensPlcOptions _options;
     private S7.Net.Plc? _plc;
-    private readonly object _lock = new();
 
     public SiemensDriver(SiemensPlcOptions options)
     {
-        _options = options;
+        _options = options ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
     }
 
     public bool IsConnected => _plc?.IsConnected ?? false;
@@ -34,46 +33,56 @@ public class SiemensDriver : IPlcDriver
             }
 
             // Create new instance with latest options
-            _plc = new S7.Net.Plc(_options.CpuType, _options.IpAddress, _options.Port, _options.Rack, _options.Slot);
+            _plc = new S7.Net.Plc(
+                _options.CpuType,
+                _options.IpAddress,
+                _options.Port,
+                _options.Rack,
+                _options.Slot);
 
             await _plc.OpenAsync(cancellationToken);
-            
+
             if (_plc.IsConnected)
                 return Result.Success();
-            
+
             return Result.Failure("Failed to connect to PLC (IsConnected is false).");
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            return Result.Failure(ex.Message);
+            return Result.Failure($"Connection failed: {ex.Message}");
         }
     }
 
-    public async Task<Result> DisconnectAsync()
+    public Task<Result> DisconnectAsync()
     {
         try
         {
             _plc?.Close();
-            return await Task.FromResult(Result.Success());
+            return Task.FromResult(Result.Success());
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
-            return Result.Failure(ex.Message);
+            return Task.FromResult(Result.Failure($"Disconnect failed: {ex.Message}"));
         }
     }
 
     public async Task<Result<byte[]>> ReadBytesAsync(string address, ushort length, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
     {
         if (!IsConnected || _plc == null)
-            return Result.Failure<byte[]>("PLC 未连接。");
+            return Result.Failure<byte[]>("PLC is not connected");
 
         try
         {
             var siemensAddr = SiemensAddressParser.Parse(address);
             var dataType = MapToS7DataType(siemensAddr.Area);
-            
+
-            var bytes = await _plc.ReadBytesAsync(dataType, siemensAddr.DbNumber, siemensAddr.ByteOffset, length, cancellationToken);
+            var bytes = await _plc.ReadBytesAsync(
-            
+                dataType,
+                siemensAddr.DbNumber,
+                siemensAddr.ByteOffset,
+                length,
+                cancellationToken);
+
             return Result.Success(bytes);
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
@@ -85,15 +94,20 @@ public class SiemensDriver : IPlcDriver
     public async Task<Result> WriteBytesAsync(string address, byte[] data, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
     {
         if (!IsConnected || _plc == null)
-            return Result.Failure("PLC 未连接。");
+            return Result.Failure("PLC is not connected");
 
         try
         {
             var siemensAddr = SiemensAddressParser.Parse(address);
             var dataType = MapToS7DataType(siemensAddr.Area);
 
-            await _plc.WriteBytesAsync(dataType, siemensAddr.DbNumber, siemensAddr.ByteOffset, data, cancellationToken);
+            await _plc.WriteBytesAsync(
-            
+                dataType,
+                siemensAddr.DbNumber,
+                siemensAddr.ByteOffset,
+                data,
+                cancellationToken);
+
             return Result.Success();
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
@@ -112,12 +126,13 @@ public class SiemensDriver : IPlcDriver
             SiemensMemoryArea.Outputs => DataType.Output,
             SiemensMemoryArea.Timer => DataType.Timer,
             SiemensMemoryArea.Counter => DataType.Counter,
-            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(area), area, null)
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(area), area, $"Unsupported memory area: {area}")
         };
     }
 
     public void Dispose()
     {
         _plc?.Close();
+        _plc = null;
     }
 }

src/Sharp/Plc.Siemens/SiemensOptimizer.cs

@@ -3,13 +3,23 @@ using Plc.Models;
 using Plc.Siemens.Models;
 using Plc.Siemens.Utils;
 using Plc.Utils;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 
 namespace Plc.Siemens;
 
 public class SiemensOptimizer : IPlcOptimizer
 {
     // 允许变量之间合并为一次读取的最大间隔字节数
-    private const int MaxGapBytes = 20;
+    private const int DefaultMaxGapBytes = 20;
+
+    private readonly int _maxGapBytes;
+    private readonly ILogger<SiemensOptimizer>? _logger;
+
+    public SiemensOptimizer(int maxGapBytes = DefaultMaxGapBytes, ILogger<SiemensOptimizer>? logger = null)
+    {
+        _maxGapBytes = maxGapBytes;
+        _logger = logger;
+    }
 
     public List<PlcReadBatch> Optimize(IEnumerable<PlcTag> tags, int maxPduSize)
     {
@@ -24,16 +34,21 @@ public class SiemensOptimizer : IPlcOptimizer
                 try
                 {
                     tag.ParsedAddress = SiemensAddressParser.Parse(tag.Address);
+                    _logger?.LogTrace("Parsed address {Address} for tag {TagId}", tag.Address, tag.Id);
                 }
-                catch
+                catch (Exception ex)
                 {
-                    // 记录错误？暂时跳过。
+                    _logger?.LogWarning(ex, "Failed to parse address {Address} for tag {TagId}, skipping",
+                        tag.Address, tag.Id);
                     continue;
                 }
             }
             validTags.Add(tag);
         }
 
+        _logger?.LogDebug("Optimizing {ValidCount} valid tags out of {TotalCount} tags",
+            validTags.Count, tags.Count());
+
         // 2. 按区域和 DB 号分组（物理位置）
         var groups = validTags.GroupBy(t =>
         {
@@ -46,20 +61,26 @@ public class SiemensOptimizer : IPlcOptimizer
             // 3. 按字节偏移量排序
             var sortedTags = group.OrderBy(t => ((SiemensAddress)t.ParsedAddress!).ByteOffset).ToList();
 
+            _logger?.LogTrace("Processing group: Area={Area}, DB={DbNumber}, Tags={Count}",
+                group.Key.Area, group.Key.DbNumber, sortedTags.Count);
+
             PlcReadBatch? currentBatch = null;
 
             foreach (var tag in sortedTags)
             {
                 var addr = (SiemensAddress)tag.ParsedAddress!;
-                int typeSize = TypeHelper.GetSize(tag.DataType);
+                int typeSize = tag.DataType == typeof(string)
+                    ? TypeHelper.GetSize(tag.DataType, tag.Length)
+                    : TypeHelper.GetSize(tag.DataType);
                 int byteLength = typeSize * tag.Length; // 此标签的总字节数
-                
+
                 // 如果是 bool，它可能在一个字节内，但我们在检查边界时假设它占用该字节
 
                 if (currentBatch == null)
                 {
                     currentBatch = CreateBatch(tag, addr, byteLength);
                     batches.Add(currentBatch);
+                    _logger?.LogTrace("Created new batch starting at {Address}", tag.Address);
                     continue;
                 }
 
@@ -77,20 +98,27 @@ public class SiemensOptimizer : IPlcOptimizer
                 // 1. 标签在当前结束之后（或位置相同）开始（因为已排序，所以是肯定的）
                 // 2. 间隔足够小
                 // 3. 总大小适合 PDU
-                if (gap >= 0 && gap <= MaxGapBytes && newTotalLength <= maxPduSize)
+                if (gap >= 0 && gap <= _maxGapBytes && newTotalLength <= maxPduSize)
                 {
                     currentBatch.Tags.Add(tag);
                     currentBatch.TotalLength = newTotalLength;
+                    _logger?.LogTrace("Merged tag {TagId} into batch (gap={Gap}, newLength={Length})",
+                        tag.Id, gap, newTotalLength);
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     // 开启新批次
+                    _logger?.LogTrace("Cannot merge tag {TagId} (gap={Gap}, newLength={Length}, maxPdu={MaxPdu}), creating new batch",
+                        tag.Id, gap, newTotalLength, maxPduSize);
                     currentBatch = CreateBatch(tag, addr, byteLength);
                     batches.Add(currentBatch);
                 }
             }
         }
 
+        _logger?.LogDebug("Optimization complete: {TagCount} tags -> {BatchCount} batches",
+            validTags.Count, batches.Count);
+
         return batches;
     }
 

src/Sharp/Plc/Abstractions/IDataConverter.cs

@@ -2,9 +2,22 @@ namespace Plc.Abstractions;
 
 public interface IDataConverter
 {
-    // 将原始字节（从指定偏移量开始）转换为目标类型
+    /// <summary>
-    object? Parse(byte[] buffer, int offset, Type type, int length);
+    /// 将原始字节（从指定偏移量开始）转换为目标类型
-    
+    /// </summary>
-    // 将值转换为字节
+    /// <param name="buffer">字节缓冲区</param>
-    byte[] ToBytes(object value, Type type, int length);
+    /// <param name="offset">起始偏移量</param>
+    /// <param name="type">目标类型</param>
+    /// <param name="length">数据长度（对字符串和数组有效）</param>
+    /// <param name="bitOffset">位偏移量（仅对bool类型有效）</param>
+    object? Parse(byte[] buffer, int offset, Type type, int length, int bitOffset = 0);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 将值转换为字节
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="value">要转换的值</param>
+    /// <param name="type">值的类型</param>
+    /// <param name="length">数据长度（对字符串和数组有效）</param>
+    /// <param name="bitOffset">位偏移量（仅对bool类型有效）</param>
+    byte[] ToBytes(object value, Type type, int length, int bitOffset = 0);
 }

src/Sharp/Plc/Abstractions/IPlcAddress.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+namespace Plc.Abstractions;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// 定义PLC地址的通用接口，用于不同品牌的地址解析结果
+/// </summary>
+public interface IPlcAddress
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 获取字节偏移量
+    /// </summary>
+    int ByteOffset { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 获取位偏移量（仅对bool类型有效）
+    /// </summary>
+    int BitOffset { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 获取地址的字符串表示
+    /// </summary>
+    string ToString();
+}

src/Sharp/Plc/Abstractions/IPlcDriver.cs

@@ -42,4 +42,4 @@ public interface IPlcDriver : IDisposable
     /// <param name="address">起始地址字符串。</param>
     /// <param name="data">要写入的字节。</param>
     Task<Result> WriteBytesAsync(string address, byte[] data, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
-}
+}

src/Sharp/Plc/Abstractions/IPlcOptimizer.cs

@@ -35,9 +35,10 @@ public class PlcReadBatch
     /// 包含在此批量范围内的标签列表。
     /// </summary>
     public List<PlcTag> Tags { get; set; } = new();
-    
+
     /// <summary>
     /// 驱动程序特定的起始地址上下文（避免重新解析）。
+    /// 使用 IPlcAddress 接口以支持类型安全访问。
     /// </summary>
-    public object? ParsedStartAddress { get; set; }
+    public IPlcAddress? ParsedStartAddress { get; set; }
 }

src/Sharp/Plc/Models/PlcTag.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using Plc.Abstractions;
+
 namespace Plc.Models;
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ public class PlcTag
     /// <summary>
     /// 内部使用：由驱动程序/优化器用于存储解析后的地址对象。
     /// 这避免了在每个周期重新解析地址字符串。
+    /// 使用 IPlcAddress 接口以支持类型安全访问。
     /// </summary>
-    public object? ParsedAddress { get; set; }
+    public IPlcAddress? ParsedAddress { get; set; }
 }

src/Sharp/Plc/Plc.csproj

@@ -10,4 +10,8 @@
     <ProjectReference Include="..\Common\Common.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions" Version="8.0.0" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
 </Project>

src/Sharp/Plc/Services/BigEndianConverter.cs

@@ -5,54 +5,129 @@ namespace Plc.Services;
 
 public class BigEndianConverter : IDataConverter
 {
-    public object? Parse(byte[] buffer, int offset, Type type, int length)
+    public object? Parse(byte[] buffer, int offset, Type type, int length, int bitOffset = 0)
     {
-        // 为简洁起见省略了边界检查，但在生产环境中至关重要
+        // 参数验证
+        if (buffer == null)
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(buffer));
+        if (offset < 0 || offset >= buffer.Length)
+            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(offset), "Offset is out of buffer range");
 
+        // Bool类型处理（按位）
         if (type == typeof(bool))
-            return buffer[offset] > 0; // 简单的检查，真实的位逻辑需要位索引
-            
-        if (type == typeof(byte))
-            return buffer[offset];
-
-        if (type == typeof(short))
-            return BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt16BigEndian(buffer.AsSpan(offset));
-            
-        if (type == typeof(ushort))
-            return BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt16BigEndian(buffer.AsSpan(offset));
-
-        if (type == typeof(int))
-            return BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32BigEndian(buffer.AsSpan(offset));
-            
-        if (type == typeof(uint))
-            return BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(buffer.AsSpan(offset));
-
-        if (type == typeof(float))
-            return BitConverter.Int32BitsToSingle(BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32BigEndian(buffer.AsSpan(offset)));
-            
-        if (type == typeof(double))
-            return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble(BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt64BigEndian(buffer.AsSpan(offset)));
-        
-        // 简单处理字符串 (假设 ASCII/S7 String)
-        if (type == typeof(string))
         {
-            // S7 String 前两个字节是 MaxLen 和 ActualLen，后面是字符
+            if (offset >= buffer.Length)
-            // 这里假设是纯字符数组或者需要特定处理
+                throw new ArgumentException("Buffer too small for bool");
-            // 简单起见，按 ASCII 读取指定长度
+            if (bitOffset < 0 || bitOffset > 7)
-            return System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, offset, length);
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(bitOffset), "Bit offset must be 0-7");
+
+            byte b = buffer[offset];
+            return (b & (1 << bitOffset)) != 0;
         }
 
-        return null;
+        // Byte类型
+        if (type == typeof(byte))
+        {
+            if (offset >= buffer.Length)
+                throw new ArgumentException("Buffer too small for byte");
+            return buffer[offset];
+        }
+
+        // Short类型
+        if (type == typeof(short))
+        {
+            if (offset + 2 > buffer.Length)
+                throw new ArgumentException("Buffer too small for short");
+            return BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt16BigEndian(buffer.AsSpan(offset));
+        }
+
+        // UShort类型
+        if (type == typeof(ushort))
+        {
+            if (offset + 2 > buffer.Length)
+                throw new ArgumentException("Buffer too small for ushort");
+            return BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt16BigEndian(buffer.AsSpan(offset));
+        }
+
+        // Int类型
+        if (type == typeof(int))
+        {
+            if (offset + 4 > buffer.Length)
+                throw new ArgumentException("Buffer too small for int");
+            return BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32BigEndian(buffer.AsSpan(offset));
+        }
+
+        // UInt类型
+        if (type == typeof(uint))
+        {
+            if (offset + 4 > buffer.Length)
+                throw new ArgumentException("Buffer too small for uint");
+            return BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(buffer.AsSpan(offset));
+        }
+
+        // Float类型
+        if (type == typeof(float))
+        {
+            if (offset + 4 > buffer.Length)
+                throw new ArgumentException("Buffer too small for float");
+            return BitConverter.Int32BitsToSingle(BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32BigEndian(buffer.AsSpan(offset)));
+        }
+
+        // Double类型
+        if (type == typeof(double))
+        {
+            if (offset + 8 > buffer.Length)
+                throw new ArgumentException("Buffer too small for double");
+            return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble(BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt64BigEndian(buffer.AsSpan(offset)));
+        }
+
+        // String类型（S7 String格式）
+        if (type == typeof(string))
+        {
+            // S7 String结构：
+            // 字节0: MaxLength
+            // 字节1: ActualLength
+            // 字节2+: 字符数据
+            if (offset + 2 > buffer.Length)
+                throw new ArgumentException("Buffer too small for S7 string header");
+
+            int maxLen = buffer[offset];
+            int actualLen = buffer[offset + 1];
+
+            if (actualLen > maxLen)
+                actualLen = maxLen; // 安全处理
+
+            if (offset + 2 + actualLen > buffer.Length)
+                throw new ArgumentException($"Buffer too small for S7 string data (needs {actualLen} bytes)");
+
+            return System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, offset + 2, actualLen);
+        }
+
+        throw new NotSupportedException($"Type {type.Name} is not supported by this converter");
     }
 
-    public byte[] ToBytes(object value, Type type, int length)
+    public byte[] ToBytes(object value, Type type, int length, int bitOffset = 0)
     {
-        if (type == typeof(bool))
+        if (value == null)
-            return new[] { (bool)value ? (byte)1 : (byte)0 };
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
 
+        // Bool类型（按位）
+        if (type == typeof(bool))
+        {
+            if (bitOffset < 0 || bitOffset > 7)
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(bitOffset), "Bit offset must be 0-7");
+
+            byte b = 0;
+            if ((bool)value)
+                b = (byte)(1 << bitOffset);
+            return new[] { b };
+        }
+
+        // Byte类型
         if (type == typeof(byte))
             return new[] { (byte)value };
 
+        // Short类型
         if (type == typeof(short))
         {
             var bytes = new byte[2];
@@ -60,6 +135,7 @@ public class BigEndianConverter : IDataConverter
             return bytes;
         }
 
+        // UShort类型
         if (type == typeof(ushort))
         {
             var bytes = new byte[2];
@@ -67,6 +143,7 @@ public class BigEndianConverter : IDataConverter
             return bytes;
         }
 
+        // Int类型
         if (type == typeof(int))
         {
             var bytes = new byte[4];
@@ -74,6 +151,7 @@ public class BigEndianConverter : IDataConverter
             return bytes;
         }
 
+        // UInt类型
         if (type == typeof(uint))
         {
             var bytes = new byte[4];
@@ -81,6 +159,7 @@ public class BigEndianConverter : IDataConverter
             return bytes;
         }
 
+        // Float类型
         if (type == typeof(float))
         {
             var bytes = new byte[4];
@@ -89,6 +168,7 @@ public class BigEndianConverter : IDataConverter
             return bytes;
         }
 
+        // Double类型
         if (type == typeof(double))
         {
             var bytes = new byte[8];
@@ -96,7 +176,23 @@ public class BigEndianConverter : IDataConverter
             BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt64BigEndian(bytes, longVal);
             return bytes;
         }
-        
+
-        return Array.Empty<byte>();
+        // String类型（S7 String格式）
+        if (type == typeof(string))
+        {
+            var str = (string)value;
+            var strBytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(str);
+            var actualLen = Math.Min(strBytes.Length, length);
+
+            // S7 String结构
+            var result = new byte[2 + length];
+            result[0] = (byte)length;      // MaxLength
+            result[1] = (byte)actualLen;   // ActualLength
+            Array.Copy(strBytes, 0, result, 2, actualLen);
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        throw new NotSupportedException($"Type {type.Name} is not supported by this converter");
     }
 }

src/Sharp/Plc/Services/PlcMonitorService.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using Plc.Abstractions;
 using Plc.Models;
 using Plc.Utils;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 
 namespace Plc.Services;
 
@@ -11,91 +12,197 @@ public class PlcMonitorService : IPlcService, IDisposable
     private readonly IPlcDriver _driver;
     private readonly IPlcOptimizer _optimizer;
     private readonly IDataConverter _converter;
-    
+    private readonly ILogger<PlcMonitorService>? _logger;
+
     private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, PlcTag> _subscriptions = new();
     private Task? _monitorTask;
     private CancellationTokenSource? _cts;
     private readonly TimeSpan _refreshRate = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(200);
 
-    public PlcMonitorService(IPlcDriver driver, IPlcOptimizer optimizer, IDataConverter converter)
+    // 重连策略
+    private int _reconnectAttempts = 0;
+    private const int MaxReconnectAttempts = 10;
+
+    public PlcMonitorService(
+        IPlcDriver driver,
+        IPlcOptimizer optimizer,
+        IDataConverter converter,
+        ILogger<PlcMonitorService>? logger = null)
     {
         _driver = driver;
         _optimizer = optimizer;
         _converter = converter;
+        _logger = logger;
     }
 
     public async Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
     {
-        if (_monitorTask != null) return;
+        if (_monitorTask != null)
+        {
+            _logger?.LogWarning("Monitor service is already running");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _logger?.LogInformation("Starting PLC monitor service");
+
+        var connectResult = await _driver.ConnectAsync(cancellationToken);
+        if (connectResult.IsFailure)
+        {
+            _logger?.LogError("Failed to connect to PLC: {Error}", connectResult.ErrorMessage);
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Cannot start monitor service: {connectResult.ErrorMessage}");
+        }
 
-        await _driver.ConnectAsync(cancellationToken);
-        
         _cts = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancellationToken);
         _monitorTask = Task.Run(() => MonitorLoop(_cts.Token), _cts.Token);
+
+        _logger?.LogInformation("PLC monitor service started successfully");
     }
 
     public async Task StopAsync()
     {
+        _logger?.LogInformation("Stopping PLC monitor service");
+
         _cts?.Cancel();
         if (_monitorTask != null)
         {
-            try { await _monitorTask; } catch (OperationCanceledException) { }
+            try
+            {
+                await _monitorTask;
+            }
+            catch (OperationCanceledException)
+            {
+                _logger?.LogDebug("Monitor task cancelled successfully");
+            }
         }
+
         await _driver.DisconnectAsync();
+        _logger?.LogInformation("PLC monitor service stopped");
     }
 
     public void Subscribe(PlcTag tag)
     {
-        _subscriptions.TryAdd(tag.Id, tag);
+        if (_subscriptions.TryAdd(tag.Id, tag))
+        {
+            _logger?.LogDebug("Subscribed to tag {TagId} at address {Address}", tag.Id, tag.Address);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _logger?.LogWarning("Tag {TagId} is already subscribed", tag.Id);
+        }
     }
 
     public void Unsubscribe(string tagId)
     {
-        _subscriptions.TryRemove(tagId, out _);
+        if (_subscriptions.TryRemove(tagId, out _))
+        {
+            _logger?.LogDebug("Unsubscribed tag {TagId}", tagId);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _logger?.LogWarning("Failed to unsubscribe tag {TagId} - not found", tagId);
+        }
     }
 
     public async Task<Result<T>> ReadAsync<T>(string address)
     {
+        _logger?.LogDebug("Reading from address {Address}", address);
+
         // 临时读取（未优化）
         int size = TypeHelper.GetSize(typeof(T));
         var result = await _driver.ReadBytesAsync(address, (ushort)size);
-        
+
-        if (result.IsFailure) 
+        if (result.IsFailure)
+        {
+            _logger?.LogError("Failed to read from {Address}: {Error}", address, result.ErrorMessage);
             return Result.Failure<T>(result.ErrorMessage ?? result.Exception?.Message ?? "Read failed");
+        }
 
         if (result.Value is null)
+        {
+            _logger?.LogError("Read from {Address} returned null data", address);
             return Result.Failure<T>("Read returned null data");
+        }
 
         var val = _converter.Parse(result.Value, 0, typeof(T), 1);
         if (val is null)
+        {
+            _logger?.LogError("Failed to convert data from {Address}", address);
             return Result.Failure<T>("Conversion failed");
-            
+        }
+
+        _logger?.LogDebug("Successfully read value from {Address}", address);
         return Result.Success((T)val);
     }
-    
+
     public async Task<Result> WriteAsync<T>(string address, T value)
     {
         if (value == null)
+        {
+            _logger?.LogWarning("Attempted to write null value to {Address}", address);
             return Result.Failure("Cannot write null value");
+        }
+
+        _logger?.LogDebug("Writing to address {Address}", address);
 
         int size = TypeHelper.GetSize(typeof(T));
         var bytes = _converter.ToBytes(value, typeof(T), size);
-        
-        if (bytes.Length == 0)
-            return Result.Failure("Conversion to bytes returned empty array. Type might not be supported.");
 
-        return await _driver.WriteBytesAsync(address, bytes);
+        if (bytes.Length == 0)
+        {
+            _logger?.LogError("Conversion to bytes failed for type {Type}", typeof(T).Name);
+            return Result.Failure("Conversion to bytes returned empty array. Type might not be supported.");
+        }
+
+        var result = await _driver.WriteBytesAsync(address, bytes);
+
+        if (result.IsFailure)
+        {
+            _logger?.LogError("Failed to write to {Address}: {Error}", address, result.ErrorMessage);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _logger?.LogDebug("Successfully wrote to {Address}", address);
+        }
+
+        return result;
     }
 
     private async Task MonitorLoop(CancellationToken token)
     {
+        _logger?.LogInformation("Monitor loop started");
+
         while (!token.IsCancellationRequested)
         {
             try
             {
+                // 连接检查和重试逻辑
                 if (!_driver.IsConnected)
                 {
-                    await _driver.ConnectAsync(token);
+                    _logger?.LogWarning("PLC disconnected, attempting to reconnect (attempt {Attempt}/{Max})",
+                        _reconnectAttempts + 1, MaxReconnectAttempts);
+
+                    // 指数退避策略
+                    var delay = Math.Min(1000 * Math.Pow(2, _reconnectAttempts), 30000);
+                    await Task.Delay((int)delay, token);
+
+                    var connectResult = await _driver.ConnectAsync(token);
+                    if (connectResult.IsSuccess)
+                    {
+                        _logger?.LogInformation("Successfully reconnected to PLC");
+                        _reconnectAttempts = 0;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        _reconnectAttempts++;
+                        _logger?.LogError("Reconnection failed: {Error}", connectResult.ErrorMessage);
+
+                        if (_reconnectAttempts >= MaxReconnectAttempts)
+                        {
+                            _logger?.LogCritical("Max reconnection attempts reached, monitor loop will continue trying");
+                            _reconnectAttempts = 0; // 重置以继续尝试
+                        }
+                        continue;
+                    }
                 }
 
                 var currentTags = _subscriptions.Values.ToList();
@@ -107,6 +214,8 @@ public class PlcMonitorService : IPlcService, IDisposable
 
                 // 优化：计算分桶
                 var batches = _optimizer.Optimize(currentTags, _driver.MaxPduSize);
+                _logger?.LogTrace("Optimized {TagCount} tags into {BatchCount} batches",
+                    currentTags.Count, batches.Count);
 
                 // 执行读取
                 foreach (var batch in batches)
@@ -114,55 +223,94 @@ public class PlcMonitorService : IPlcService, IDisposable
                     if (token.IsCancellationRequested) break;
 
                     var readResult = await _driver.ReadBytesAsync(batch.StartAddress, (ushort)batch.TotalLength, token);
-                    
+
                     if (readResult.IsSuccess && readResult.Value != null)
                     {
                         DistributeValues(batch, readResult.Value);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        // 记录错误
+                        _logger?.LogWarning("Batch read failed for address {Address}: {Error}",
+                            batch.StartAddress, readResult.ErrorMessage);
                     }
                 }
             }
-            catch (Exception)
+            catch (OperationCanceledException)
             {
-                // 记录异常
+                _logger?.LogDebug("Monitor loop cancelled");
+                break;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                _logger?.LogError(ex, "Error in monitor loop");
             }
 
             await Task.Delay(_refreshRate, token);
         }
+
+        _logger?.LogInformation("Monitor loop stopped");
     }
 
     private void DistributeValues(PlcReadBatch batch, byte[] data)
     {
-        dynamic batchStart = batch.ParsedStartAddress!;
+        if (batch.ParsedStartAddress == null)
+        {
+            _logger?.LogError("Batch missing parsed start address");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var batchStart = batch.ParsedStartAddress;
         int batchStartByte = batchStart.ByteOffset;
 
         foreach (var tag in batch.Tags)
         {
-            dynamic tagAddr = tag.ParsedAddress!;
+            if (tag.ParsedAddress == null)
+            {
+                _logger?.LogWarning("Tag {TagId} missing parsed address", tag.Id);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            var tagAddr = tag.ParsedAddress;
             int tagStartByte = tagAddr.ByteOffset;
             int relativeOffset = tagStartByte - batchStartByte;
-            
+
             // 检查边界
-            int typeSize = TypeHelper.GetSize(tag.DataType);
+            int typeSize = tag.DataType == typeof(string)
+                ? TypeHelper.GetSize(tag.DataType, tag.Length)
+                : TypeHelper.GetSize(tag.DataType);
+
             if (relativeOffset + typeSize <= data.Length)
             {
-                var newVal = _converter.Parse(data, relativeOffset, tag.DataType, tag.Length);
+                try
-                
-                // 变更检测
-                if (!Equals(tag.Value, newVal))
                 {
-                    tag.Value = newVal;
+                    // 传递位偏移量以支持bool类型
-                    tag.OnChanged?.Invoke(tag, newVal);
+                    var newVal = _converter.Parse(data, relativeOffset, tag.DataType, tag.Length, tagAddr.BitOffset);
+
+                    // 变更检测
+                    if (!Equals(tag.Value, newVal))
+                    {
+                        tag.Value = newVal;
+                        tag.OnChanged?.Invoke(tag, newVal);
+                        _logger?.LogTrace("Tag {TagId} value changed to {Value}", tag.Id, newVal);
+                    }
                 }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    _logger?.LogError(ex, "Failed to parse value for tag {TagId} at address {Address}",
+                        tag.Id, tag.Address);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _logger?.LogWarning("Tag {TagId} offset {Offset} + size {Size} exceeds batch data length {Length}",
+                    tag.Id, relativeOffset, typeSize, data.Length);
             }
         }
     }
 
     public void Dispose()
     {
+        _logger?.LogDebug("Disposing PLC monitor service");
         _cts?.Cancel();
         _driver.Dispose();
     }

src/Sharp/Plc/Utils/TypeHelper.cs

@@ -2,14 +2,46 @@ namespace Plc.Utils;
 
 public static class TypeHelper
 {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 获取PLC数据类型的字节大小
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="type">数据类型</param>
+    /// <returns>字节大小</returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">当类型不支持或需要明确长度时抛出</exception>
     public static int GetSize(Type type)
     {
-        if (type == typeof(bool)) return 1; // S7 usually treats bool as bit, but allocation often aligns to bytes or we need spec handling
+        if (type == typeof(bool)) return 1;   // S7中bool按字节对齐
         if (type == typeof(byte)) return 1;
         if (type == typeof(short) || type == typeof(ushort)) return 2;
         if (type == typeof(int) || type == typeof(uint) || type == typeof(float)) return 4;
         if (type == typeof(long) || type == typeof(ulong) || type == typeof(double)) return 8;
-        
+
-        return 1; // Default or throw
+        // 字符串类型需要明确指定长度
+        if (type == typeof(string))
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(
+                "String type requires explicit length specification. Use the overload with length parameter or specify length in PlcTag.",
+                nameof(type));
+        }
+
+        throw new NotSupportedException($"Type {type.Name} is not supported. Supported types: bool, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, float, long, ulong, double, string.");
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 获取PLC数据类型的字节大小（支持字符串长度）
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="type">数据类型</param>
+    /// <param name="length">长度（对字符串类型有效）</param>
+    /// <returns>字节大小</returns>
+    public static int GetSize(Type type, int length)
+    {
+        if (type == typeof(string))
+        {
+            // S7 String = 2字节头部 + 实际字符数据
+            return 2 + length;
+        }
+
+        // 对于非字符串类型，忽略length参数
+        return GetSize(type);
     }
 }