279 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
279 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
# 05 - 国际化(i18n)示例
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演示如何使用 Sharp.Wpf 的国际化功能实现多语言支持，包括运行时切换语言、资源文件管理等。
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## 🎯 学习目标
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- 使用 `ILocalizationService` 实现多语言
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- 在 XAML 中使用 `{loc:Localize}` 绑定本地化字符串
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- 运行时动态切换语言
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- 管理资源文件（.resx）
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- 格式化带参数的本地化字符串
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## 📦 使用的模块
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- **Sharp.Wpf** - ILocalizationService, LocalizeExtension
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## 🚀 快速运行
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```bash
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cd examples/05-Localization
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dotnet run
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```
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## 📝 核心代码讲解
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### 1. 创建资源文件
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```
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Resources/
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├── Strings.resx # 默认语言（中文）
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├── Strings.en-US.resx # 英文
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└── Strings.ja-JP.resx # 日文（可选）
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```
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**Strings.resx** (中文):
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```xml
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<data name="Welcome" xml:space="preserve">
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<value>欢迎使用 Sharp 框架</value>
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</data>
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<data name="Username" xml:space="preserve">
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<value>用户名</value>
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</data>
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<data name="Password" xml:space="preserve">
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<value>密码</value>
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</data>
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<data name="Login" xml:space="preserve">
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<value>登录</value>
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</data>
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<data name="WelcomeUser" xml:space="preserve">
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<value>欢迎, {0}!</value>
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</data>
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```
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**Strings.en-US.resx** (英文):
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```xml
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<data name="Welcome" xml:space="preserve">
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<value>Welcome to Sharp Framework</value>
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</data>
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<data name="Username" xml:space="preserve">
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<value>Username</value>
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</data>
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<data name="Password" xml:space="preserve">
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<value>Password</value>
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</data>
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<data name="Login" xml:space="preserve">
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<value>Login</value>
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</data>
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<data name="WelcomeUser" xml:space="preserve">
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<value>Welcome, {0}!</value>
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</data>
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```
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### 2. App.xaml.cs - 注册国际化服务
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```csharp
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using System.Globalization;
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using System.Resources;
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using Wpf.Localization;
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protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
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{
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var services = new ServiceCollection();
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services.AddSharpWpf();
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// 添加国际化支持
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var resourceManager = new ResourceManager(
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"LocalizationExample.Resources.Strings", // 资源文件的完整命名空间
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Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
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services.AddLocalization(
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resourceManager,
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new CultureInfo("zh-CN"), // 中文
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new CultureInfo("en-US"), // 英文
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new CultureInfo("ja-JP") // 日文
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);
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services.AddViewModel<MainViewModel>();
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var provider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
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var mainWindow = provider.GetRequiredService<MainWindow>();
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mainWindow.Show();
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}
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```
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### 3. MainViewModel.cs - 语言切换
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```csharp
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using Wpf.Localization;
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public class MainViewModel : ViewModelBase
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{
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private readonly ILocalizationService _localization;
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private readonly IDialogService _dialogService;
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public ILocalizationService Localization => _localization;
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public List<CultureInfo> AvailableLanguages { get; }
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public CultureInfo CurrentLanguage
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{
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get => _localization.CurrentCulture;
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set
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{
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_localization.ChangeCulture(value);
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OnPropertyChanged();
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}
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}
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public ICommand ChangeLanguageCommand { get; }
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public ICommand ShowGreetingCommand { get; }
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public MainViewModel(
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ILocalizationService localization,
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IDialogService dialogService)
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{
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_localization = localization;
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_dialogService = dialogService;
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AvailableLanguages = localization.GetSupportedCultures().ToList();
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// 监听语言变化
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_localization.CultureChanged += (s, culture) =>
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{
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_dialogService.ShowMessage(
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$"语言已切换到: {culture.NativeName}",
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"提示");
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};
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ChangeLanguageCommand = new RelayCommand<CultureInfo>(culture =>
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{
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if (culture != null)
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{
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CurrentLanguage = culture;
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}
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});
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ShowGreetingCommand = new RelayCommand(() =>
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{
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// 使用格式化字符串
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var message = _localization.GetString("WelcomeUser", "张三");
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_dialogService.ShowMessage(message, "问候");
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});
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}
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}
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```
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### 4. MainWindow.xaml - 使用本地化绑定
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```xml
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<Window x:Class="LocalizationExample.MainWindow"
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xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
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xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
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xmlns:loc="clr-namespace:Wpf.Localization;assembly=Sharp.Wpf"
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Title="国际化示例" Height="400" Width="500">
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<StackPanel Margin="20">
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<!-- 方式1: 使用 LocalizeExtension（推荐） -->
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<TextBlock Text="{loc:Localize Welcome}" FontSize="24" FontWeight="Bold"/>
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<!-- 语言选择 -->
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<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="0,20,0,0">
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<TextBlock Text="选择语言:" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,0,10,0"/>
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<ComboBox ItemsSource="{Binding AvailableLanguages}"
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SelectedItem="{Binding CurrentLanguage}"
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DisplayMemberPath="NativeName"
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Width="150"/>
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</StackPanel>
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<!-- 登录表单 -->
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<StackPanel Margin="0,30,0,0">
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<!-- 用户名 -->
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<TextBlock Text="{loc:Localize Username}"/>
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<TextBox Margin="0,5,0,15"/>
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<!-- 密码 -->
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<TextBlock Text="{loc:Localize Password}"/>
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<PasswordBox Margin="0,5,0,15"/>
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<!-- 登录按钮 -->
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<Button Content="{loc:Localize Login}"
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Height="35" FontSize="14"/>
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</StackPanel>
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<!-- 方式2: 直接绑定 Localization 服务 -->
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<StackPanel Margin="0,30,0,0">
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<TextBlock Text="{Binding Localization[Welcome]}" FontStyle="Italic"/>
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<TextBlock Text="{Binding Localization[Username]}" Margin="0,5,0,0"/>
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</StackPanel>
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<!-- 测试格式化字符串 -->
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<Button Content="显示问候" Command="{Binding ShowGreetingCommand}" Margin="0,20,0,0"/>
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</StackPanel>
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</Window>
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```
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### 5. 在代码中使用本地化
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```csharp
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// 方式1: 通过服务获取
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var welcomeText = _localization.GetString("Welcome");
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// 方式2: 带格式化参数
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var greeting = _localization.GetString("WelcomeUser", username);
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// 方式3: 索引器（用于绑定）
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var password = _localization["Password"];
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```
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## 🎓 练习建议
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### 练习1：添加更多语言
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添加法语（fr-FR）或德语（de-DE）资源文件。
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### 练习2：保存语言偏好
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将用户选择的语言保存到配置文件，下次启动时自动加载。
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### 练习3：动态加载资源
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实现从外部 JSON 文件加载翻译资源（而非编译进程序）。
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### 练习4：翻译进度显示
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显示每种语言的翻译完成度（如：英文 95%，日文 60%）。
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## 💡 常见问题
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**Q: 资源文件修改后不生效？**
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A: 确保：
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1. 资源文件的"生成操作"设为"嵌入的资源"
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2. 重新生成项目（Clean + Rebuild）
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**Q: 如何支持从右到左（RTL）语言？**
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A: 监听 CultureChanged 事件，设置 `FlowDirection`:
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```csharp
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_localization.CultureChanged += (s, culture) => {
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if (culture.TextInfo.IsRightToLeft) {
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Application.Current.MainWindow.FlowDirection = FlowDirection.RightToLeft;
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}
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};
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```
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**Q: 能否热重载资源文件？**
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A: Sharp.Wpf 当前使用编译时嵌入资源，不支持运行时重载。可以使用外部 JSON 文件实现热重载。
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**Q: 如何处理复数形式？**
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A: 使用不同的资源键或使用占位符：
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```
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"{Count} items" → "{0} 个项目"
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```
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## 📚 延伸阅读
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- [.NET 资源文件](https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/core/extensions/resources)
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- [CultureInfo 类](https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.globalization.cultureinfo)
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- [WPF 本地化](https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/desktop/wpf/advanced/globalization-for-wpf)
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- 下一个示例：[06-Theming](../06-Theming/README.md)
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---
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**构建面向全球用户的应用！** 🌍
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